Here's what periodontists treat, how they differ from general dentists, and when you might need one.
01
What Periodontists Treat
The supporting structures of teeth—gums, periodontal ligaments, and jawbone. "Perio" means around, and "odont" means tooth.
Conditions they treat:
- Gingivitis (early gum disease)
- Periodontitis (advanced gum disease)
- Gum recession
- Bone loss around teeth
- Gum infections
Procedures they perform:
- Scaling and root planing (deep cleaning)
- Gum surgery (pocket reduction)
- Gum grafts
- Bone grafts
- Dental implant placement
- Crown lengthening
- Treatment of gummy smile
02
Periodontist vs General Dentist
- General dentist: 4 years dental school
- Periodontist: 4 years dental school PLUS 3 years specialized training
What this means:
Periodontists complete additional training focused on gum disease, gum surgery, and dental implants.
What they see:
Periodontists focus on moderate to severe gum disease cases that need more intensive treatment than regular cleanings provide.
Equipment and expertise:
- Specialized surgical instruments
- Training in grafting techniques
- Expertise in implant placement
- Advanced treatment of gum disease
03
When You Need a Periodontist
Gum disease treatment:
- Moderate to severe periodontitis
- Gum disease not responding to regular treatment
- Deep pockets around teeth (4mm+)
- Bone loss visible on X-rays
Surgical needs:
- Gum grafting for recession
- Pocket reduction surgery
- Bone regeneration
- Crown lengthening before dental work
Implant placement:
- Many periodontists place implants
- Complex implant cases
- Cases needing bone grafting
When general dentist is fine:
- Mild gingivitis
- Routine cleanings
- Early gum disease responding to treatment
04
What to Expect at a Periodontist
- Comprehensive periodontal exam
- Measuring pocket depths
- Assessing bone levels on X-rays
- Discussing diagnosis and options
- Treatment planning
Common treatments:
- Scaling and root planing: Deep cleaning below the gumline
- Pocket reduction surgery: Reducing deep pockets
- Gum grafting: Covering exposed roots
- Bone grafting: Rebuilding lost bone
After treatment:
- Maintenance cleanings (usually every 3-4 months)
- Ongoing monitoring
- May return to general dentist for routine care
05
Signs You Might Need a Periodontist
- Bleeding gums when brushing or flossing
- Red, swollen, or tender gums
- Gums pulling away from teeth
- Loose or shifting teeth
- Persistent bad breath
- Pus between gums and teeth
- Changes in bite
Risk factors:
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Family history of gum disease
- Poor oral hygiene
- Certain medications
Why treatment matters:
Untreated gum disease leads to bone loss and tooth loss. It's also linked to heart disease, diabetes complications, and other systemic health issues.
Key Takeaways
If your dentist recommends seeing a periodontist, it's because your gums need specialized care. Early treatment is key—gum disease is much easier to manage before significant bone loss occurs.
Table 1 — Common questions
Frequently Asked Questions
What does a periodontist do that a dentist doesn't?
Periodontists specialize in treating moderate to severe gum disease, performing gum surgery, placing implants, and doing bone and gum grafts. They have 3 years additional training beyond dental school focused on these procedures.
When should I see a periodontist?
See a periodontist if you have deep gum pockets, bone loss, gum recession, teeth becoming loose, or gum disease not improving with regular treatment. Your general dentist will usually make the referral.
Is seeing a periodontist expensive?
Periodontal treatment can be costly, especially surgery. However, many insurance plans cover gum disease treatment. Deep cleanings typically run $200-400 per quadrant, surgery can be $1,000-4,000+ depending on extent.
Medical disclaimer
The information provided on Urgent Dental Helper is for general informational and educational purposes only. It is NOT intended to be a substitute for professional medical or dental advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your dentist, physician, or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a dental or medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website.
